Give your character a healthy foundation for his life. This Article covers the basic ideas of adding a rig to your model. The underlying bone structure enables you to animate a 3D figure.

Start with drawing

As with any step in 3D, begin with planning your rig in 2D. Sketch out the skeleton on a piece of paper and try to determine where to place the joints. Look at yourself or find some pictures of a skeleton on the internet. For any character, especially for cartoon figures, sketch the most extreme poses he needs to make during animation. This will give you a solid understanding of the joint placement. It is important to know that poses oftentimes might look too extreme in a still frame, but work great in the animation.

Add bones

Now go into your 3D program. Use the drawings as a guide to put bones into your character. This step requires some testing to find the right position. For example if you put the shoulder joint in the wrong place, you won’t be able to rest the arm against the body. If it is too close to the neck, the arm will disappear into the body when rotating downwards. If you put it too far away, there will be a gap between arm and body.

IK or FK?

There are two ways of animating a rig. Let’s say you want to animate your arm. In forward kinematics mode you rotate the upper arm bone, then the lower arm bone and then the hand to achieve a certain pose. With inverse kinematics, you may grab the characters hand, move it around and the whole arm will follow.

Both IK and FK have their strengths and weaknesses, so you want to be able to switch between them. IK is a great time saver, because you need to animate fewer controls. It also allows you to plant the hand firmly on the table while the rest of the body is moving. A downfall of IK is that a circular motion – such as an arm swing in a walk cycle – is hard to create. With FK you only need to rotate the shoulder joint back and forth and voila, the arm is moving in an arc!

After making bones and creating IK and FK controls, it is time to assign the rig to your 3D model.

What is weight painting?

Each point in the geometry of your 3D model may be assigned to one or more bones. By painting the weights of a point, you can specify to what extent it follows different bones. This way you may control the sharpness of the bend between two or more bones. For the bending or twisting motion of the back or neck, you might have to paint a very soft gradient, so that one point follows up to three or four bones. When painting the weights for an elbow, you want to have a very sharp bend, so a point at the crease might be assigned ninety percent to the lower arm and just ten percent to the upper arm.

Create facial expressions

This is a fun process, because you get to do some modeling again. Sketch a couple of drawings or take photographs as a reference for your characters facial expressions.

In 3D add a shape key to your characters head. Then modify the face until you are satisfied with the expression. Your can now morph between the blendshapes with a slider for each target.

Additional Thoughts

I don’t care what people say about rigging, never place restrictions on the animation controls! During animation you will be doing things with your character that are anatomically impossible, just to make it look anatomically correct in a certain camera angle and lighting situation.

Same with movement automation: don’t use it! People tend to put things like an automated foot roll or automated shoulder movement into their rigs. The latter example automatically raises the shoulder when you raise the arm. In the end this kind of stuff is a pain in the ass for the animator, because it is nothing else than a restriction. Some might argue that automation is great, if you can turn it off at times. I say, for a small production it is not worth the effort, you are faster and more precise by hand.

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When you are in the process of researching house plans at a reputable online home design broker website, there is more to consider than simply the number of beds/baths, the living space square footage, the floorplan layout, and the Architectural style. You should also consider the construction methods to be used by your home builder, and in particular, if the plan’s wall construction type is optimal for the climate in your local area, and your needs.

Choosing a house plan and building with an appropriate wall type can save you many thousands of dollars in heating and cooling costs over the years, will make your home more comfortable to live in, and may help to protect your home if an extreme natural event such as a hurricane or tornado should affect your local area. Selecting a home plan with a wall type suitable for your area is critical.

The easiest, quickest, and likely the most versatile houseplan wall construction method is the 2×4 stud wall. The 2×4 wall construction method is, usually, the most cost-effective, offers sufficient strength for most areas, and is normally suitable for most areas in the United States.

However, in certain parts of the United States, a 2×4 wall may not allow enough space for insulation, and as such, a 2×6 wall may be utilized. In the 2×6 wall construction, the additional 2 inches of wall cavity space can be filled with additional insulation which can add an additional level of interior comfort for the homeowner. Also it should be noted that, although a 2×6 house wall construction will be more expensive initially, the additional insulation and space can save your family a significant amount in future heating and cooling costs.

One additional home wall construction type is ICF or Insulated Concrete Forms. In certain areas of the United States, it may be common to build with the ICF walls, which offer some of the highest levels of insulation and significant strength and durability. In addition, the ICF wall construction may be preferable in certain areas of the country prone to extreme weather, temperatures, and high winds. Also, this type of
house plan wall construction is usually more expensive than either 2×4 wall or 2×6 wall construction, but may provide you with the features that you need in your area of the country.

Most high-quality stock house plans that you find on the internet, will have one or more houseplan wall construction methods included in the plan package. If your desired wall type is not included in the standard plan package, you can usually have the designer provide you with a reasonable quote to modify the design to other wall types.

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Architectural models tend to be large, that is, contain a high number of faces and vertices. It is imperative that you develop good modeling habits to minimize the complexity of your models. Try to avoid becoming obsessive about a high degree of accuracy.

Most 3D Programs are not a CAD programs but a visualization tool. Learn the methods of working as accurately as possible-Units Setup, Grid Snap Settings, Snaps, for example-but keep in mind that when objects are seen in perspective size is relative to distance and camera angle.

Use “simulated” geometry when possible. Instead of creating a 3D chain link fence with all its faces and vertices, see if you can get away with an Opacity map material on a flat plane. Use Bump maps and Opacity maps to create the illusion of 3D geometry when none exists. Design your models with efficient presentations in mind. Do not model parts of the building that will never be seen in the final rendering.

Do not model details that are too small to show at the final rendered resolution. Instead of long, boring walkthrough animations, try to design a presentation that will be snappy and contain the highlights of the information you are conveying to the client. Once again, each face and each vertex in your model take computer resources to store and process. The more complex the model gets the less RAM memory is available for processing the rendering. If you reduce the face/vertex amount, you can often cut the rendering times enough to equal the speed of adding a new computer to the network.

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Modern Architectural design refers to the real-time design and planning of spaces. Architecture design covers many different elements such as layout, construction and the lighting. Architects sometimes also deal with the ways to craft practical and functional spaces using available materials.

The term architecture refers to various specialized fields. Modern architects focus on specific types of architecture, rather than architecture as a whole. A building architect only works on residential structures while a landscape architect concentrates only on designing landscapes.

An architect must take into account space, textures, structure, shapes, materials and costs while designing any landscape or building. An architect should have a good insight to engineering, mathematics and related analysis.

Professional architectural firm specializes in providing various architectural design and visualization services to clients. Such companies hire architects along with support staff to assist the architects. Sometimes they form a part of a larger company who handle various aspects of the design and planning process.

A conventional architectural design firm offers a wide variety of design services, from drafting, rendering, modeling and drawing up plans for providing ground design of a structure or remodeling. In addition to drafting, the firm can also render models to visualize how a structure will look like and consult with owners to optimize the whole process. Architects can also be called upon over the course of a job as conditions change and modifications are required to the original design.

Outsourcing architectural design services offers many benefits such as competitive edge, lower cost, enhanced performance, skilled labor, reliability and security. That is why architectural design outsourcing is the most sought after industry in AEC industry today.

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